Lymphedema, or lymphatic obstruction, is a long-term condition where excess fluid collects in tissues causing swelling (edema).
The lymphatic system is a part of the immune system and vital for immune function. Fluid called lymph circulates within the lymphatic system. Lymphedema is typically caused by a blockage of this system.
Lymphedema commonly affects one of the arms or legs. In some cases, both arms or both legs may be affected. Some patients might experience swelling in the head, genitals, or chest.
Two types of lymphedema.
1.Primary lymphedema – often called as congenital lymphedema. The lymphedema is evident at birth or shortly after puberty. This type of lymphedema is rare, affecting approximately 1 in every 6,000 people.
2.Secondary lymphedema – The lymphedema occurs as a result of something else, such as an infection, injury, trauma, or cancer that affects the lymphatic system.
Causes.
The lymphatic system is a network of vessels that carry protein-rich lymph fluid throughout the body. It's a part of your immune system. Lymph nodes act as filters and contain cells that fight against infection and cancer.
The lymph fluid is pushed through the lymph vessels by muscle contractions as you move through the tasks of your day and small pumps in the wall of the lymph vessels. Lymphedema occurs when the lymph vessels are not able to adequately drain lymph fluid, usually from an arm or a leg.
The most common causes of lymphedema include:
Cancer.
If cancer cells block lymph vessels, lymphedema may result. For instance, a tumor growing near a lymph node or lymph vessel could enlarge enough to block the flow of the lymph fluid.
Radiation treatment for cancer.
Radiation can cause scarring and inflammation of lymph nodes or lymph vessels.
Surgery.
In cancer surgery, lymph nodes are often removed to see if the disease has spread. However, this doesn't always result in lymphedema.
Parasites.
In developing countries in the tropics, the most common cause of lymphedema is infection with threadlike worms that clog the lymph nodes.
Lymphedema symptoms.
swelling of either a part or the whole leg or arm, including the fingers or toes, ranging from slight changes in limb size to severe swelling.
Difficulty in wearing jewelry or watches or fitting into clothes or shoes.
Swelling in the head or neck.
A heavy or tight feeling in the arms or legs.
The range of motion of the limb is restricted.
Discomfort or aching in the affected limb.
A tingling sensation in the affected limb, like pins and needles.
Recurring skin infections.
Thickening and hardening of the skin.
Dlisters or wart-like growths on the skin.
Physiotherapy treatment.
Currently there is no cure for lymphedema but there are effective treatments like physiotherapy.
Physiotherapy is an ideal treatment option for many people with lymphedema because it is an exercise-based therapy that can reduce swelling and other negative side effects of the condition.
️Skin care education.
️A home exercise program to improve lymphatic drainage, increase or maintain range of motion and strength of the affected area, and improve cardiovascular fitness.
️Manual lymphatic drainage that will reduce and/or control the swelling. A comprehensive program will include compression pumps, bandaging techniques, and massage, or a combination of therapies.
Are you at risk for lymphedema, or have you been diagnosed with the condition already?
◾ If so, contact your physician or a physiotherapist.
References
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/lymphedema/symptoms-causes/syc-20374682
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/180919
Isuru Priyadasun
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